Schema Design

0001-01-01

The Three Database Anomalies

Storing the same fact in more than one place is the root cause of three predictable failures. Understanding update, insertion, and deletion anomalies is what makes normalization feel obvious rather than arbitrary.

0001-01-01

The Schema Decision AI Cannot Make

AI tools default to TEXT columns and application logic because they do not know what your database can express. Knowing PostgreSQL’s range types, exclusion constraints, and generated columns changes what you ask for — and what you get.